Avgas 100LL Properties: Grades, Specs, Density

Avgas 100LL: The Piston-Engine Aviation Gasoline

Avgas 100LL is the standard fuel for piston-engine aircraft. It is a blue aviation gasoline with a minimum motor octane of 99.6 and a lead limit of 0.56 g/L, about half that of the older grade 100 (1.12 g/L, green). “LL” means low lead. It is made to ASTM D910 (USA) and DEF STAN 91-090 (UK). It weighs about 6.0 lb per US gallon (0.72 kg/L); see the density and weight page.

The property curves on these pages are the typical “Av Gas” curves of CRC Report 530 (Coordinating Research Council, 1983, DTIC ADA132106), read from the printed graphs. They do not name a grade or batch. The specification limits and typical values come from supplier data sheets. Every value is labelled by source. Jet A values from the same CRC figures are shown for comparison; see jet fuel properties and the pounds per hour fuel flow tool.

Avgas 100LL Property Calculators

Explore the full set of Avgas 100LL property calculators on KasperCalc:

Density and Weight per Gallon Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity Vapor Pressure Specific Heat Capacity Thermal Conductivity Distillation Curve

Avgas 100LL All-Properties Calculator

Degrees (°F):

Degrees (°C):

Density

Density (kg/m³):

Weight (lb/gal):

Density (lb/ft³):

Specific Gravity (water 999.0):

Viscosity

Kinematic Viscosity (mm²/s):

Dynamic Viscosity (mPa·s):

Dynamic Viscosity (lb/(ft·s)):

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat (kJ/kg·K):

Specific Heat (Btu/(lb·°F)):

Thermal Conductivity, estimate* (W/m·K):

Thermal Conductivity, estimate* (Btu/(hr·ft·°F)):

Vapor Pressure

True Vapor Pressure (kPa):

True Vapor Pressure (psia):

*No avgas thermal conductivity was found. The value is the CRC line for jet and missile fuels (avgas not listed), good to 10 % for those fuels.

Combines the Density, Viscosity, Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity and Vapor Pressure calculators into one temperature lookup, atmospheric pressure. All values are fits to the CRC Report 530 typical curves (read from graph): density −40 to 90 °C, kinematic viscosity −50 to 70 °C, dynamic viscosity −40 to 70 °C, specific heat −20 to 140 °C, thermal conductivity −5 to 220 °C, true vapor pressure 5 to 92 °C. Typical values, not a batch result.

Specifications

Designation	Status / Source
ASTM D910	Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines (USA). Covers leaded grades 80, 100 and 100LL (per CRC Report 530 Table 1, 1981 edition). The standard itself was not opened; limits on this page come from supplier sheets and CRC Table 1
DEF STAN 91-090	UK Ministry of Defence aviation gasoline specification. Issue 5 (14 Dec 2019) is cited by Hjelmco and Viva; TOTAL cites Issue 3 (20 Nov 2009). Not opened
MIL-G-5572F	U.S. military aviation gasoline specification, Amendment 1 of 13 Mar 1979, as printed in CRC Report 530 Table 1: grades 80/87 (red), 100/130 (blue) and 115/145 (purple), NATO codes F-12, F-18, F-22
NATO F-18	NATO code for Avgas 100LL, as printed by Z Energy and Viva Energy
ASTM D7547	Specification for unleaded aviation gasolines UL91 and UL94. Cited by Hjelmco (UL91) and Swift Fuels (UL94)
FAA STC (G100UL)	GAMI G100UL is approved by FAA supplemental type certificate, with an FAA-approved flight manual supplement (6 Oct 2022). It is not an ASTM D910 fuel, and the supplement lets it be mixed with 100LL

Designations are as printed in the sources named. Other national designations are not stated in the sources used here and are not listed.

Avgas Grades, Dye Colours and Weights

Grade	Dye colour	Lead (g/L max)	Weight or density printed	Source
80 (80/87)	Red	0.14	—	CRC Report 530 Table 1 (MIL-G-5572F)
100 (100/130)	Green (commercial); military 100/130 is blue	1.12 (commercial)	—	CRC Report 530 Table 1, note 3
100LL	Blue	0.56	About 6.0 lb/gal (planning); real batches 700 to 730 kg/m³ at 15 °C	CRC Table 1; Exxon, Eni, TOTAL; density page
115/145	Purple	1.28	—	CRC Report 530 Table 1 (military)
UL91 (ASTM D7547)	Not dyed (batch certificate says “transparent”)	13 mg/L max (Hjelmco batch limit; measured <2.5)	716.1 kg/m³ at 15 °C measured on one batch	Hjelmco certificate, batch 095/2021
UL94 (Swift Fuels, ASTM D7547)	Purple, as printed on Swift's FAQ	Unleaded	5.87 lb/gal, “identical to 100LL”	Swift Fuels FAQ
G100UL (GAMI)	Native yellow plus blue dye: light-green to blue-green	Unleaded	6.25 lb/gal for weight and balance; 6.2 to 6.3 lb/gal typical	GAMI flight manual supplement p.3, p.6; ICA Rev C

Dye colours and lead limits for 80, 100 and 115/145 are from CRC Report 530 Table 1 (1981 edition of D910 and MIL-G-5572F). Do not use the 100LL weight for G100UL: GAMI says to use 6.25 lb/gal for G100UL or a mixture. The older grade 100VLL is not covered here because we have no source for it.

Suppliers with Avgas 100LL Data Sheets

Supplier / Product	What the document gives	Document
ExxonMobil Avgas 100LL	Limits table for Avgas 100LL; “ASTM D910” and “DEF STAN 91-090” marked as met. No density.	mobil.com Avgas Series
eni Avgas 100 LL	“Complies with the standard ASTM D 910.” Typical density 720 kg/m³ at 15 °C; limits table	eni data sheet EN101-01 (2016)
Z Energy Avgas 100LL	Complies with DEF STAN 91-090 and ASTM D910, NATO F-18. Typical density 0.710 kg/L, RVP 42 kPa	Z Energy TDS (2016)
Viva Energy Avgas 100LL	Made to DEF STAN 91-090 and ASTM D910 (latest issue), NATO F-18. Typical density 717 kg/m³, vapour pressure 45 kPa	Viva Energy data sheet (2019)
TOTAL Deutschland AVGAS 100 LL	Specification table; conforms to DEF STAN 91-90 Issue 3 and ASTM D910-02. Density to be reported	TOTAL spec sheet (2013)
Shell AVGAS 100LL	Safety data sheet (US). Density 700 to 730 kg/m³ at 15 °C; vapour pressure 38 to 49 kPa at 38 °C	Shell SDS v14.0 (2026)
BP Avgas 100LL	Safety data sheet (Portugal). Density 700 to 730 kg/m³ at 15 °C	BP SDS SAV2103C (2022)
Hjelmco AVGAS 91/96 UL	Certificate of quality for one batch; “meets and exceeds requirements for AVGAS UL91” (unleaded, not 100LL)	Hjelmco certificate 095/2021
Swift Fuels UL94	FAQ: 94+ motor octane, meets ASTM D7547, 5.87 lb/gal	Swift Fuels FAQ
GAMI G100UL	FAA-approved flight manual supplement and instructions for continued airworthiness; 6.25 lb/gal	GAMI AFMS Rev B

Products are listed because we opened the document. This is not an approved-products list. Claims are as printed. Phillips 66 Aviation, Air BP and World Fuel have no product data sheet with typical values in the sources used here.

Properties at Selected Temperatures — CRC Report 530 Typical Curves

Property	-20 °C (-4 °F)	0 °C (32 °F)	15 °C (59 °F)	20 °C (68 °F)	40 °C (104 °F)	60 °C (140 °F)	Source
Density (kg/m³)	731.6	714.0	700.7	696.3	678.7	661.1	CRC Fig 3 (fit)
Weight (lb/gal)	6.105	5.958	5.848	5.811	5.664	5.517	Derived: kg/m³ × 0.0083454
Kinematic viscosity (mm²/s)	1.000	0.775	0.647	0.610	0.500	0.427	CRC Fig 13
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s)	0.7316	0.5533	0.4534	0.4248	0.3394	0.2823	Derived: ν × ρ
Specific heat (kJ/(kg·K))	2.064	2.144	2.205	2.225	2.303	2.384	CRC Fig 22
Thermal conductivity, estimate (W/(m·K))	—	0.1187	0.1161	0.1152	0.1117	0.1082	CRC Fig 24 (avgas not listed)
True vapor pressure (kPa)	—	—	17.3	21.2	46.0	89.8	CRC Fig 20

All values are read from CRC Report 530 graphs (density ±3 kg/m³, viscosity ±4 %, specific heat ±0.015 kJ/(kg·K), vapor pressure ±4 %). They are typical values, not a batch result. Avgas boils at atmospheric pressure above about 65 °C, so the 60 °C column is close to the boiling point. — means outside the range of the curve (vapor pressure starts at 5 °C). Thermal conductivity is an estimate.

Specification Limits — ASTM D910 as Printed by Suppliers

Property	Limit for Avgas 100LL	Source
Knock rating, lean mixture (motor octane)	99.6 min	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Knock rating, rich mixture (performance number)	130.0 min	ExxonMobil; TOTAL
Tetraethyl lead	0.56 g Pb/L max (ExxonMobil prints 0.27 min to 0.53 max mL/L)	TOTAL; Eni; ExxonMobil
Colour	Blue	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Density at 15 °C	Report only, no limit	TOTAL; CRC Table 1 (gravity: reported, not limited)
Distillation: 10 % evaporated	75 °C max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: 40 % evaporated	75 °C min	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: 50 % evaporated	105 °C max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: 90 % evaporated	135 °C max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: final boiling point	170 °C max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: sum of 10 % and 50 %	135 °C min	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Distillation: recovery / residue / loss	97 % min / 1.5 % max / 1.5 % max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Reid vapor pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F)	38.0 to 49.0 kPa (5.5 to 7.0 psi)	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Freezing point	−58 °C max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Sulphur	0.05 % by mass max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Net heat of combustion	43.5 MJ/kg min	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Copper strip corrosion (2 h at 100 °C)	No. 1 max	ExxonMobil; TOTAL
Potential gum (5 h ASTM D910 / 16 h DEF STAN)	6 mg/100 mL max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Lead precipitate	3 mg/100 mL max (ASTM D910) / 2 max (DEF STAN 91-090)	ExxonMobil
Water reaction, volume change	±2 mL max	ExxonMobil; Eni; TOTAL
Electrical conductivity (only if an additive is used)	50 to 450 pS/m (Eni); 50 to 600 pS/m (ExxonMobil)	Eni; ExxonMobil

Limits as printed on the ExxonMobil Avgas Series page, the eni 100 LL data sheet and the TOTAL Deutschland spec. The three agree except where noted. CRC Report 530 Table 1 is the 1981 edition of D910 and prints the same distillation limits, a Reid vapor pressure of 5.5 to 7.0 psi and a freezing point of −58 °C for the commercial grades. ASTM D910 and DEF STAN 91-090 were not opened.

Avgas 100LL vs Jet A — Same CRC Report 530 Figures

Property	Avgas 100LL (CRC typical)	Jet A / Jet A-1 (CRC typical)	Figure
Density at 15 °C (kg/m³)	700.7 (5.85 lb/gal)	808.4 (6.75 lb/gal)	Fig 3
Kinematic viscosity at 20 °C (mm²/s)	0.61	1.57	Fig 13
Kinematic viscosity at −20 °C (mm²/s)	1.00	3.95	Fig 13
Specific heat at 60 °C (kJ/(kg·K))	2.384	2.119	Fig 22
True vapor pressure at 60 °C (kPa)	89.8	1.9	Fig 20
Distillation initial boiling point (°C)	40.6	176.1	Fig 17
Distillation 50 % evaporated (°C)	102.2	210.5	Fig 17
Distillation end point (°C)	155.0	263.8	Fig 17
Thermal conductivity at 20 °C (W/(m·K))	0.1152 (estimate)	0.1152 (same line)	Fig 24

Both columns are read from the same printed CRC figures. FAA-H-8083-1B prints Jet A and Jet A-1 as 6.68 lb/gal at 59 °F (Fig 3-4). See the jet fuel properties page for Jet A.

Other Properties from the Shell Safety Data Sheet

Property	Printed value	Source
Boiling range	25 to 170 °C	Shell SDS section 9
Flash point	≤ −40 °C	Shell SDS section 9
Auto-ignition temperature	> 250 °C	Shell SDS section 9
Lower flammability limit	1 % by volume	Shell SDS section 9
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C	Typical 0.75 mm²/s; range 0.25 to 0.75 mm²/s (method not stated)	Shell SDS section 9
Vapour pressure	60 to 90 kPa at 50 °C; 38 to 49 kPa at 38 °C (method not stated)	Shell SDS section 9

A safety data sheet gives ranges for hazard purposes. These are not measurements and not product specifications.

Manufacturer Typical Values (not measurements)

Source	Property	Typical value
Z Energy Avgas 100LL TDS	Density at 15 °C (D1298/D4052)	0.710 kg/L
Z Energy Avgas 100LL TDS	Reid vapour pressure (D323)	42 kPa
Z Energy Avgas 100LL TDS	Knock rating lean / rich	102 / 132
Z Energy Avgas 100LL TDS	Tetraethyl lead; specific energy	0.5 g Pb/L; 44 MJ/kg
Viva Energy Avgas 100LL	Density at 15 °C (D4052)	717 kg/m³
Viva Energy Avgas 100LL	Vapour pressure (D5191); freeze point (D2386)	45 kPa; below −58.0 °C
Viva Energy Avgas 100LL	Knock rating lean / rich; tetraethyl lead	102 / 132; 0.35 g Pb/L
Viva Energy Avgas 100LL	Total aromatics; benzene (D1319); specific energy	16 %; 0.7 %; 43.7 MJ/kg
eni Avgas 100 LL	Density at 15 °C (D1298, D4052)	Typical 720 kg/m³
Hjelmco AVGAS 91/96 UL (UL91, one batch)	Density at 15 °C; DVPE (D5191); freezing point	716.1 kg/m³; 46.4 kPa; below −70 °C

Single-batch typical values from supplier documents. They are not measurements made for this site and carry no stated uncertainty. The Hjelmco row is an unleaded grade, not 100LL.

Sources

Coordinating Research Council, Aviation Fuel Properties (Handbook of Aviation Fuel Properties), CRC Report No. 530, 1983. DTIC ADA132106. apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA132106.pdf. Figs 3, 13, 17, 20, 22 and 24; Table 1 (aviation gasoline specifications). Values read from the printed graph; accessed 25 Oct 2026.
FAA, Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook, FAA-H-8083-1B, 2016. faa.gov Weight_Balance_Handbook.pdf. Fig 3-4, Fig 5-6, Fig 9-44.
GAMI, G100UL Avgas Airplane Flight Manual Supplement 06-6590007 Rev B, FAA approved 6 Oct 2022. g100ul.com AFMS. G100UL weight and colour.
ExxonMobil, Avgas Series product page (Avgas 100LL limits). mobil.com. Limits for Avgas 100LL.
eni, Avgas 100 LL Technical Data Sheet EN101-01, 06/2016. oilproducts.eni.com. Limits and typical density.
Z Energy, Avgas 100LL Technical Data Sheet, 4 Aug 2016. z.co.nz Avgas-100LL-TDS.pdf. Typical values.
Viva Energy Australia, Avgas 100LL, Piston Engine Aircraft Fuel, Oct 2019. vivaenergy.com.au. Typical values.
TOTAL Deutschland GmbH, AVGAS 100 LL Produktspezifikation für die Luftfahrt, valid from Oct 2013. content-center.totalenergies.com. Specification limits.
Shell Trading (US), Safety Data Sheet AVGAS 100LL, version 14.0, 6 Sep 2026. epc.shell.com. Section 9 properties.
BP Portugal, Avgas 100LL (<0.1% Benzene) Ficha de Dados de Segurança SAV2103C, 2 Feb 2022. bp.com safety data sheet. Density range.
Hjelmco Oil AB, Certificate of Quality, AVGAS 91/96 UL, batch 095/2021. hjelmco.com. UL91 certificate of quality.
Swift Fuels, Frequently Asked Questions (UL94). swiftfuelsavgas.com/faq. UL94 weight, colour, octane.

The CRC curves are typical curves read from printed graphs, not measurements made for this site. ASTM D910, ASTM D7547 and DEF STAN 91-090 were not opened. Supplier values are typicals, limits or ranges as stated.

Avgas 100LL General Properties

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