MIL-HDBK-5: Chapter 5.2 — Titanium
Chapter 5.2 Contents
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Chapter 1 — General Chapter 2 — Steel Chapter 3 — Aluminum Chapter 4 — Magnesium Chapter 5 — Titanium 5.1 — General 5.2 — Unalloyed Titanium 5.3 — Alpha and Near-Alpha Titanium Alloys 5.4 — Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys 5.5 — Beta, Near-Beta, and Metastable-Beta Titanium Alloys 5.6 — Element Properties Chapter 6 — Heat-Resistant Alloys
Disclaimer

For reference use only. The formulas, graphs, and values herein are provided in good faith for general engineering guidance. Please verify all data against MIL-HDBK-5J or the applicable superseding document (MMPDS).

Figures and Tables
Table of Tables
Table of Figures
Fig 5.2.1.0Effect of temperature on the physical properties of commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.1(a)Effect of temperature on the tensile ultimate strength (Ftu) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.1(b)Effect of temperature on the tensile yield strength (Fty) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.2(a)Effect of temperature on the compressive yield strength (Fcy) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.2(b)Effect of temperature on the shear ultimate strength (Fsu) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.3(a)Effect of temperature on the bearing ultimate strength (Fbru) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.3(b)Effect of temperature on the bearing yield strength (Fbry) of annealed commercially pure titanium. Fig 5.2.1.1.6(a)Typical full-range tensile stress-strain curve for commercially pure titanium sheet (40 ksi yield at room temperature). Fig 5.2.1.1.6(b)Typical full-range tensile stress-strain curve for commercially pure titanium sheet (70 ksi yield at room temperature).
5.2Unalloyed Titanium

Several grades of unalloyed titanium are offered and are classified on the basis of manufacturing method, degree of purity, or strength, there being a close relationship among these. The unalloyed titanium grades most commonly used are produced by the Kroll process, are intermediate in purity, and are commonly referred to as being of commercial purity.

5.2.1Commercially Pure Titanium
5.2.1.0Comments and Properties

Unalloyed titanium is available in all familiar product forms and is noted for its excellent formability. Unalloyed titanium is readily welded or brazed. It has been used primarily where strength is not the main requirement.

Manufacturing Considerations — Unalloyed titanium is supplied in the annealed condition permitting extensive forming at room temperature. Severe forming operations also can be accomplished at elevated temperatures (300 to 900°F). Property degradation can be experienced after severe forming if as-received material properties are not restored by re-annealing.

Commercially pure titanium can be welded readily by the several methods employed for titanium joining. Atmospheric shielding is preferable although spot or seam welding may be accomplished without shielding. Brazing requires protection from the atmosphere which may be obtained by fluxing as well as by inert gas or vacuum shielding.

Environmental Considerations — Titanium has an unusually high affinity for oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen at temperatures above 1050°F. This results in embrittlement of the material, thus usage should be limited to temperatures below that indicated. Additional chemical reactivity between titanium and selected environments such as methyl alcohol, chloride salt solutions, hydrogen, and liquid metal, can take place at lower temperatures, as discussed in Section 5.1.4 and its references.

Under certain conditions, titanium, when in contact with cadmium, silver, mercury, or certain of their compounds, may become embrittled. Refer to MIL-HDBK-1568 for restrictions concerning applications with titanium in contact with these metals or their compounds.

Heat Treatment — Commercially pure titanium is fully annealed by heating to 1000 to 1300°F for 10 to 30 minutes. It is stress relieved by heating to 900 to 1000°F for 30 minutes. Commercially pure titanium cannot be hardened by heat treatment.

Specifications and Properties — Some material specifications for commercially pure titanium are presented in Table 5.2.1.0(a). Room-temperature mechanical properties for commercially pure titanium are shown in Tables 5.1.2.0(b) and (c). The effect of temperature on physical properties is shown in Figure 5.2.1.0.

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Table 5.2.1.0(a). Material Specifications for Commercially Pure Titanium
SpecificationForm
AMS 4900Sheet, strip, and plate
AMS 4901Sheet, strip, and plate
AMS 4902Sheet, strip, and plate
AMS-T-9046Sheet, strip, and plate
MIL-T-9047aBar
AMS 4921Bar
AMS-T-81556Extruded bars and shapes
a Inactive for new design
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Table 5.2.1.0(b). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium
SpecificationAMS-T-9046AMS 4902
and AMS-T-
9046		AMS 4900
and AMS-T-
9046		AMS 4901
and AMS-T-
9046		AMS 4921
and MIL-T-
9047		MIL-T-
9047a
DesignationCP-4CP-3CP-2CP-1CP-70
FormSheet, strip, and plateBar
ConditionAnnealedAnnealed
Thickness or diameter, in.≤1.000≤2.999b3.000-
4.000b
BasisSSSSSS
Mechanical Properties:
Ftu, ksi:
L355065808080
LT3550658080c80
ST···············80
Fty, ksi:
L254055707070
LT2540557070c70
ST···············70
Fcy, ksi:
L·········70······
LT·········70······
Fsu, ksi·········42······
Fbru, ksi:
(e/D = 1.5)·········120······
(e/D = 2.0)··················
Fbry, ksi:
(e/D = 1.5)·········101······
(e/D = 2.0)··················
e, percent:
L24d20d18d15d1515
LT24d20d18d15d15c15
ST···············15
RA, percent:
L············3030
LT············30c30
ST···············30
E, 103 ksi15.5
Ec, 103 ksi16.0
G, 103 ksi6.5
μ···
Physical Properties:
ω, lb/in.30.163
C, K, and αSee Figure 5.2.1.0
a Inactive for new design.
b Maximum of 16-square-inch cross-sectional area.
c Long transverse properties apply to rectangular bar only for thickness >0.500 inches and widths >3.000 inches. For AMS 4921, (e) (LT) = 12% and RA (LT) = 25%.
d Thickness of 0.025 inch and above.
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Table 5.2.1.0(c). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium Extruded Bars and Shapes
SpecificationAMS-T-81556
Comp. CP-4Comp. CP-3Comp. CP-2Comp. CP-1
FormExtruded bars and shapes
ConditionAnnealed
Thickness or diameter, in.0.188-3.000
BasisSSSS
Mechanical Properties:
Ftu, ksi:
L40506580
LT············
Fty, ksi:
L30405570
LT············
Fcy, ksi:
L············
LT············
Fsu, ksi············
Fbru, ksi:
(e/D = 1.5)············
(e/D = 2.0)············
Fbry, ksi:
(e/D = 1.5)············
(e/D = 2.0)············
e, percent:
Laaaa
E, 103 ksi15.5
Ec, 103 ksi16.0
G, 103 ksi6.5
μ···
Physical Properties:
ω, lb/in.30.163
C, K, and αSee Figure 5.2.1.0
a Elongation in percent as follows:
Thickness, inchesComp. CP-4Comp. CP-3Comp. CP-2Comp. CP-1
0.188-1.00025201815
1.001-2.00020181512
2.001-3.00018151210
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C

α

Figure 5.2.1.0. Effect of temperature on the physical properties of commercially pure titanium.

5.2.1.1Annealed Condition

Elevated-temperature data for annealed commercially pure titanium are presented in Figures 5.2.1.1.1(a) through 5.2.1.1.3(b). Typical full-range stress-strain curves for the 40 and 70 ksi yield strength commercially pure titanium are shown in Figures 5.2.1.1.6(a) and (b).

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Figure 5.2.1.1.1(a). Effect of temperature on the tensile ultimate strength (Ftu) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

Figure 5.2.1.1.1(b). Effect of temperature on the tensile yield strength (Fty) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

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Figure 5.2.1.1.2(a). Effect of temperature on the compressive yield strength (Fcy) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

Figure 5.2.1.1.2(b). Effect of temperature on the shear ultimate strength (Fsu) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

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Figure 5.2.1.1.3(a). Effect of temperature on the bearing ultimate strength (Fbru) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

Figure 5.2.1.1.3(b). Effect of temperature on the bearing yield strength (Fbry) of annealed commercially pure titanium.

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Figure 5.2.1.1.6(a). Typical full-range tensile stress-strain curve for commercially pure titanium sheet (40 ksi yield at room temperature).

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Figure 5.2.1.1.6(b). Typical full-range tensile stress-strain curve for commercially pure titanium sheet (70 ksi yield at room temperature).

Other MIL-HDBK-5 Chapters
Chapter 1 (General) Chapter 2 (Steel) Chapter 3 (Aluminum) Chapter 4 (Magnesium) Chapter 6 (Heat-Resistant Alloys)

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